---
title: Cautioning his courtiers to make no noise, he gradually approached t… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: Cautioning his courtiers to make no noise, he gradually approached the gaily clad bird, which, to his surprise, did not fly away. Who acts: luncheon, gaily clad bird. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 19, with its dependency tre
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 19, sentence 25

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Cautioning his courtiers to make no noise, he gradually approached the gaily clad bird, which, to his surprise, did not fly away.

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**Who acts:** luncheon, gaily clad bird · **What happens:** caution, make, approach, not fly away, surprise · **To what, where:** courtiers, noise, gaily clad bird

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (luncheon, gaily clad bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:19:25
# text = Cautioning his courtiers to make no noise, he gradually approached the gaily clad bird, which, to his surprise, did not fly away.
1	Cautioning	caution	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	courtiers	courtier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	gradually	gradually	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	approached	approach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	gaily	gaily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	clad	clad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
23	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
24	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
25	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	acl:relcl	_	_
26	away	away	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **caution** *speech: other* | gerund | luncheon *not said here* | luncheon's courtiers |  |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent courtier=Recipient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | luncheon *not said here* | no noise |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product |
| 3 | **approach** | past | luncheon | the gaily clad bird |  |  |  | gradually *property* | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **fly away** | past · do-support | the gaily clad bird |  |  |  |  | to luncheon's surprise *result*; away *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to surprise=Result |
| 5 | **surprise** |  | luncheon |  |  |  |  |  | nom surprise «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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