---
title: The stone was there beneath the tree, and upon removing this she saw… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: The stone was there beneath the tree, and upon removing this she saw the phial containing the bright red liquid. Who acts: stone, dream, phial. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 19, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 19, sentence 45

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The stone was there beneath the tree, and upon removing this she saw the phial containing the bright red liquid.

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**Who acts:** stone, dream, phial · **What happens:** be, remove, see, contain · **To what, where:** this, phial, bright red liquid

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stone, dream, phial), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:19:45
# text = The stone was there beneath the tree, and upon removing this she saw the phial containing the bright red liquid.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	_
5	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
10	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	removing	remove	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
12	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	obj	_	_
13	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	phial	phial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	containing	contain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	acl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the stone |  |  |  |  | beneath the tree; there *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **remove** | gerund | dream *not said here* | this |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | past | dream | the phial |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer phial=Stimulus |
| 4 | **contain** | gerund | the phial *not said here* | the bright red liquid |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot liquid=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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