---
title: Now among those who went to witness the execution was the merchant w… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: Now among those who went to witness the execution was the merchant whom he had befriended, and who knew him at once. Who acts: execution, thought. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 2, sentence 116

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Now among those who went to witness the execution was the merchant whom he had befriended, and who knew him at once.

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**Who acts:** execution, thought · **What happens:** go, be, befriend, know · **To what, where:** those, merchant, thought

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (execution, thought), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:2:118
# text = Now among those who went to witness the execution was the merchant whom he had befriended, and who knew him at once.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	among	among	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	obl	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	execution	execution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
13	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	obj	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	befriended	befriend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past |  |  |  | those | now | who *nsubj*; witness *advcl* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme among that=Location |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the execution | the merchant |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **befriend** | past · perfect | thought | the merchant |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **know** | past |  | thought |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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