---
title: Vira-vara had not gone far when he almost stumbled over a woman who… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: Vira-vara had not gone far when he almost stumbled over a woman who was weeping bitterly. Who acts: Vira vara, King, woman. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 2, sentence 51

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Vira-vara had not gone far when he almost stumbled over a woman who was weeping bitterly.

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**Who acts:** Vira vara, King, woman · **What happens:** not go, stumble, weep

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vira vara, King, woman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:2:52
# text = Vira-vara had not gone far when he almost stumbled over a woman who was weeping bitterly.
1	Vira	Vira	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	vara	vara	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	stumbled	stumble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
12	over	over	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	weeping	weep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	acl:relcl	_	_
18	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **go** | past · perfect | Vira vara |  |  |  |  | far *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **stumble** | past | King |  |  |  |  | over a woman; almost *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over woman=Trajectory |
| 3 | **weep** | past · progressive | a woman |  |  |  |  | bitterly *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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