---
title: By the dim light of a torch, which he had hurriedly picked up after… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: By the dim light of a torch, which he had hurriedly picked up after leaving the King’s presence, he could see that she was a very beautiful and splendidly dressed lady. Who acts: King, hole. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 2, 
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 2, sentence 52

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By the dim light of a torch, which he had hurriedly picked up after leaving the King’s presence, he could see that she was a very beautiful and splendidly dressed lady.

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**Who acts:** King, hole · **What happens:** pick up, leave, see, be, dress, light · **To what, where:** torch, presence · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, hole), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:2:53
# text = By the dim light of a torch, which he had hurriedly picked up after leaving the King’s presence, he could see that she was a very beautiful and splendidly dressed lady.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	dim	dim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	hurriedly	hurriedly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	picked	pick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	_
14	up	up	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	’s	's	PART	POS	_	18	case	_	_
20	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
25	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
26	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
27	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	very	very	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	ccomp	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	splendidly	splendidly	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
33	dressed	dress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	amod	_	_
34	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pick up** | past · perfect · passive |  | a torch |  |  |  | King *nsubj:pass*; hurriedly *property* | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **leave** | gerund |  | the King's presence |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent presence=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | could | King |  |  |  |  | by the dim light of a torch | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **is** | past | hole |  |  |  |  | dressed lady *conj*; beautiful *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **dress** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **light** |  |  | a torch |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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