---
title: “Life without my boy is something I cannot bear to think of,” said h… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: “Life without my boy is something I cannot bear to think of,” said he; “my service to the King is now ended.” Who acts: Life, my. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 2, sentence 65

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“Life without my boy is something I cannot bear to think of,” said he; “my service to the King is now ended.”

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**Who acts:** Life, my · **What happens:** be, not bear, think, say, end, service · **To what, where:** something, service · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Life, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:2:66
# text = “Life without my boy is something I cannot bear to think of,” said he; “my service to the King is now ended.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	without	without	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
17	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux:pass	_	_
27	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	28	advmod	_	_
28	ended	end	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Life without my boy | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **bear** *in a quote* | can | life |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* *in a quote* | to-infinitive | life *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | life |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **end** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | my service to the King |  |  | now |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality |
| 6 | **service** *in a quote* |  | my |  |  |  |  | to the King | nom service «act transitive»: poss=agent to=obl |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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