---
title: Now all this was seen and heard by King Sudraka, who was just enteri… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: Now all this was seen and heard by King Sudraka, who was just entering the gate of the temple, but so quickly did it happen, that he was unable to stop it. Who acts: King, it. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 2, with its depend
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 2, sentence 68

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Now all this was seen and heard by King Sudraka, who was just entering the gate of the temple, but so quickly did it happen, that he was unable to stop it.

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**Who acts:** King, it · **What happens:** see, hear, enter, happen, be, stop · **To what, where:** this, gate

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:2:69
# text = Now all this was seen and heard by King Sudraka, who was just entering the gate of the temple, but so quickly did it happen, that he was unable to stop it.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	5	det:predet	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	Sudraka	Sudraka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	just	just	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	entering	enter	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	acl:relcl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	temple	temple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
22	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
23	so	so	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
25	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
30	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
31	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
32	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	conj	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	xcomp	_	_
35	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past · passive |  | this |  |  | now |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **hear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by King | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **enter** | past · progressive | King | the gate of the temple |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme gate=Destination |
| 4 | **happen** | past · do-support | it |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | past | King |  |  |  |  | unable *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **stop** | to-infinitive | King *not said here* | gate |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality it=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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