---
title: With this he turned his horse in retreat; but his idea was to take H… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: With this he turned his horse in retreat; but his idea was to take Haki off his guard, and then to turn on him and kill him without mercy. Who acts: man, idea. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 20, with its dependency tree and t
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 20, sentence 15

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With this he turned his horse in retreat; but his idea was to take Haki off his guard, and then to turn on him and kill him without mercy.

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**Who acts:** man, idea · **What happens:** turn, be, kill · **To what, where:** horse, man

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, idea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:20:15
# text = With this he turned his horse in retreat; but his idea was to take Haki off his guard, and then to turn on him and kill him without mercy.
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	obl	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	retreat	retreat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
16	Haki	Haki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	off	off	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	guard	guard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	24	advmod	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	15	parataxis	_	_
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	kill	kill	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
29	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	_
30	without	without	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	mercy	mercy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | man | man's horse |  |  |  | with this; in retreat | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent horse=Patient in retreat=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | past | man's idea |  |  |  |  | off man's guard; Haki *obj*; take *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **turn** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | then | on man | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on he=Trajectory |
| 4 | **kill** | infinitive |  | man |  |  |  | without mercy | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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