---
title: As the army approached, the magician caused the water to rise, think… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: As the army approached, the magician caused the water to rise, thinking to speedily destroy his foes. Who acts: army, magician. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 20, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 20, sentence 6

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As the army approached, the magician caused the water to rise, thinking to speedily destroy his foes.

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**Who acts:** army, magician · **What happens:** approach, cause, rise, think, destroy · **To what, where:** water, foes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (army, magician), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:20:6
# text = As the army approached, the magician caused the water to rise, thinking to speedily destroy his foes.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	approached	approach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	magician	magician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	speedily	speedily	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	destroy	destroy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	ccomp	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	foes	foe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **approach** | past | the army |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **cause** | past | the magician | the water |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition water=Patient |
| 3 | **rise** | to-infinitive | the magician *not said here* | the water *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | the magician *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **destroy** | infinitive |  | water's foes |  |  |  | speedily *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foe=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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