---
title: The crow, who had flown to the upper branches of a high tree, saw th… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: The crow, who had flown to the upper branches of a high tree, saw that the man who had been hunting the goat had given up the chase, so he called to the tortoise, whose haven was the pool, that it was quite safe now for him to come out. Who acts: crow, man, goat, haven. A sentence of «The Jade Story
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 21, sentence 105

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crow, who had flown to the upper branches of a high tree, saw that the man who had been hunting the goat had given up the chase, so he called to the tortoise, whose haven was the pool, that it was quite safe now for him to come out.

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**Who acts:** crow, man, goat, haven · **What happens:** fly, see, hunt, give up, call, be · **To what, where:** goat, chase, tortoise, pool · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crow, man, goat, haven), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:21:106
# text = The crow, who had flown to the upper branches of a high tree, saw that the man who had been hunting the goat had given up the chase, so he called to the tortoise, whose haven was the pool, that it was quite safe now for him to come out.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	flown	fly	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	upper	upper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	aux	_	_
23	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	acl:relcl	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	ccomp	_	_
28	up	up	ADP	RP	_	27	compound:prt	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	chase	chase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	so	so	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
33	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
34	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	tortoise	tortoise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
39	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	haven	haven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nsubj	_	_
41	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	cop	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
45	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	49	mark	_	_
46	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	49	nsubj	_	_
47	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	49	cop	_	_
48	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	49	advmod	_	_
49	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	xcomp	_	_
50	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	49	advmod	_	_
51	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	54	mark	_	_
52	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	54	nsubj	_	_
53	to	to	PART	TO	_	54	mark	_	_
54	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	49	advcl	_	_
55	out	out	ADV	RB	_	54	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past · perfect | the crow |  |  |  |  | to the upper branches of a high tree *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to branch=Result |
| 2 | **see** | past | the crow |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **hunt** | past · perfect · progressive | the man | the goat |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goat=Theme |
| 4 | **give up** | past · perfect | the man | the chase |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chase=Source |
| 5 | **call** | past | goat |  | the tortoise and the pool |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to tortoise=Recipient |
| 6 | **is a** | past | the pool's haven | the pool |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **is** | past | haven |  |  |  | now | safe *property* | tree rules |
| 8 | **come out** | to-infinitive | goat |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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