---
title: By this time the weasel and the crow had joined them and they second… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: By this time the weasel and the crow had joined them and they seconded the invitation, so the goat accepted, and each of them swore to be a true friend to the others. Who acts: weasel, goat, each. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, pa
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 21, sentence 113

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By this time the weasel and the crow had joined them and they seconded the invitation, so the goat accepted, and each of them swore to be a true friend to the others.

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**Who acts:** weasel, goat, each · **What happens:** join, second, accept, swear, be · **To what, where:** weasel, invitation, true friend

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (weasel, goat, each), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:21:114
# text = By this time the weasel and the crow had joined them and they seconded the invitation, so the goat accepted, and each of them swore to be a true friend to the others.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	weasel	weasel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	seconded	second	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	invitation	invitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	accepted	accept	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
24	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	27	nsubj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nmod	_	_
27	swore	swear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	parataxis	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
29	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	cop	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	advcl	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | past · perfect · passive |  | the weasel and the crow |  |  | time | things *= thing* *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **second** | past | weasel | the invitation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **accept** | past | the goat |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **swear** | past | each of things |  |  |  |  | to the others | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is a** | to-infinitive | each of things *not said here* | a true friend |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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