---
title: He at once reported his discovery to his friends, and their sorrow u… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: He at once reported his discovery to his friends, and their sorrow upon receiving the news of the goat’s capture was great. Who acts: goat, sorrow, capture, FRIENDS. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 21, with its dependency tree
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 21, sentence 117

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He at once reported his discovery to his friends, and their sorrow upon receiving the news of the goat’s capture was great.

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**Who acts:** goat, sorrow, capture, FRIENDS · **What happens:** report, receive, be, discover, sorrow, capture · **To what, where:** discovery, friends, news

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (goat, sorrow, capture, FRIENDS), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:21:118
# text = He at once reported his discovery to his friends, and their sorrow upon receiving the news of the goat’s capture was great.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	4	advmod	_	_
4	reported	report	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	discovery	discovery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
14	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	receiving	receive	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	’s	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	_
22	capture	capture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **report** | past | goat | goat's discovery | goat's friends |  |  | FRIENDS's sorrow *parataxis*; once *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent discovery=Topic to friend=Recipient |
| 2 | **receive** | gerund | FRIENDS's sorrow *not said here* | the news |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent news=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | the goat's capture |  |  |  |  | great *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **discover** |  | goat |  |  |  |  |  | nom discovery «act transitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **sorrow** |  | FRIENDS *= friend* |  |  |  |  |  | nom sorrow «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 6 | **capture** |  | the goat |  |  |  |  |  | nom capture «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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