---
title: At the sound of the magic words the stick leaped from his hands and… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: At the sound of the magic words the stick leaped from his hands and began beating his friend until he cried: Who acts: friend. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 22, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 22, sentence 55

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At the sound of the magic words the stick leaped from his hands and began beating his friend until he cried:

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**Who acts:** friend · **What happens:** leap, begin, beat, cry · **To what, where:** stick, hands, sound, friend

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 22. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:22:56
# text = At the sound of the magic words the stick leaped from his hands and began beating his friend until he cried:
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	magic	magic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
10	leaped	leap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	beating	beat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	xcomp	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leap** | participle |  | the stick *not said here* |  | JUAN's hands |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from hand=Trajectory |
| 2 | **begin** | past |  |  |  | the sound of the magic words |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **beat** | gerund |  | JUAN's friend |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location friend=Theme |
| 4 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | friend |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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