---
title: After they had all eaten and drunk and made their offerings to the s… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: After they had all eaten and drunk and made their offerings to the spirits, Lumawig said: Who acts: pigs, Lumawig. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 23, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 23, sentence 128

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After they had all eaten and drunk and made their offerings to the spirits, Lumawig said:

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**Who acts:** pigs, Lumawig · **What happens:** eat, make, say, offer · **To what, where:** offerings · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 23. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pigs, Lumawig), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:23:129
# text = After they had all eaten and drunk and made their offerings to the spirits, Lumawig said:
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	all	all	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	drunk	drunk	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	offerings	offering	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
16	Lumawig	Lumawig	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past · perfect | pigs *= pig* |  |  |  |  | all *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | past | pigs *= pig* *not said here* | pigs's offerings |  |  |  | to the spirits | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset offering=Product |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Lumawig |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **offer** |  | pigs *= pig* |  |  |  |  |  | nom offering «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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