---
title: The rivers poured over the cloud rock, until there was not a spark l… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: The rivers poured over the cloud rock, until there was not a spark left alight, and rushed down through the sky into the sea below. Who acts: rivers, spark. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 23, with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 23, sentence 35

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The rivers poured over the cloud rock, until there was not a spark left alight, and rushed down through the sky into the sea below.

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**Who acts:** rivers, spark · **What happens:** pour, be, leave, rush down · **To what, where:** cloud rock, spark, sky

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 23. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rivers, spark), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:23:35
# text = The rivers poured over the cloud rock, until there was not a spark left alight, and rushed down through the sky into the sea below.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	poured	pour	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	11	expl	_	_
11	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	spark	spark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
15	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
16	alight	alight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	rushed	rush	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
20	down	down	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	through	through	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	into	into	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
27	below	below	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pour** | past | the rivers |  |  | the cloud rock |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over rock=Location |
| 2 | **be** | past | a spark |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **leave** | participle |  | a spark *not said here* |  |  |  | alight *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **rush down** | participle |  |  |  | the sky |  | into the sea *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into sea=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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