---
title: One day when Lumawig, the Great Spirit, looked down from his place i… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: One day when Lumawig, the Great Spirit, looked down from his place in the sky, he saw two sisters gathering beans, and he decided to visit them. Who acts: Lumawig, two sisters. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 23, with its depe
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 23, sentence 74

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One day when Lumawig, the Great Spirit, looked down from his place in the sky, he saw two sisters gathering beans, and he decided to visit them.

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**Who acts:** Lumawig, two sisters · **What happens:** look down, see, gather, decide, visit · **To what, where:** two sisters, beans

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 23. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lumawig, two sisters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:23:75
# text = One day when Lumawig, the Great Spirit, looked down from his place in the sky, he saw two sisters gathering beans, and he decided to visit them.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
4	Lumawig	Lumawig	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Spirit	Spirit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
10	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	down	down	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
21	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	sisters	sister	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
23	gathering	gather	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	22	acl	_	_
24	beans	bean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	decided	decide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	visit	visit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	xcomp	_	_
31	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look down** | past | Lumawig |  |  |  | day | from LUMAWIG's place in the sky; down *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent from place=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | past | LUMAWIG | two sisters |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sister=Stimulus |
| 3 | **gather** | gerund | two sisters *not said here* | beans |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bean=Theme |
| 4 | **decide** | past | LUMAWIG |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **visit** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | LUMAWIG *not said here* | beans *= bean* |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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