---
title: So the Spaniards opened fire upon Bantugan, and for three days the e… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: So the Spaniards opened fire upon Bantugan, and for three days the earth was so covered with smoke from the battle that neither could see his enemy. Who acts: Spaniards. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 24, with its dependency 
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 24, sentence 110

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So the Spaniards opened fire upon Bantugan, and for three days the earth was so covered with smoke from the battle that neither could see his enemy.

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**Who acts:** Spaniards · **What happens:** open, cover, see · **To what, where:** fire, Bantugan, earth, battle

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 24. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spaniards), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:24:112
# text = So the Spaniards opened fire upon Bantugan, and for three days the earth was so covered with smoke from the battle that neither could see his enemy.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Spaniards	Spaniard	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Bantugan	Bantugan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	obj	_	_
24	neither	neither	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
25	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	acl:relcl	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | past | the Spaniards | fire |  | Bantugan |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent fire=Theme upon bantugan=Location |
| 2 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the earth |  |  | day | with smoke from the battle | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with smoke=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | could |  | the battle |  |  |  | BANTUGAN's enemy *obj*; neither *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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