---
title: One morning Bantugan looked out and saw at the mouth of the Rio Gran… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: One morning Bantugan looked out and saw at the mouth of the Rio Grande the enormous fleet of the Spaniards whose numbers were so great that in no direction could the horizon be seen. Who acts: Bantugan. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Openi
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 24, sentence 132

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One morning Bantugan looked out and saw at the mouth of the Rio Grande the enormous fleet of the Spaniards whose numbers were so great that in no direction could the horizon be seen.

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**Who acts:** Bantugan · **What happens:** look out, see, be · **To what, where:** mouth, horizon, direction

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 24. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bantugan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:24:134
# text = One morning Bantugan looked out and saw at the mouth of the Rio Grande the enormous fleet of the Spaniards whose numbers were so great that in no direction could the horizon be seen.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	Bantugan	Bantugan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Rio	Rio	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	Grande	Grande	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	enormous	enormous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	fleet	fleet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Spaniards	Spaniard	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
21	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
23	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	so	so	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
26	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	29	det	_	_
29	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
30	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	horizon	horizon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj:pass	_	_
33	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	aux:pass	_	_
34	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look out** | past | Bantugan |  |  |  | morning |  | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** | past | Bantugan *not said here* |  |  | the mouth of the Rio Grande |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | past | Bantugan *not said here* |  |  |  |  | great *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **see** | could · passive |  | the horizon |  | no direction |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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