---
title: This made Balatama cry, but he protected himself with his father’s s… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: This made Balatama cry, but he protected himself with his father’s shield and prayed, calling on the winds from the homeland until they came and cleared the air again. Who acts: This, Balatama, winds. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 24, sentence 46

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This made Balatama cry, but he protected himself with his father’s shield and prayed, calling on the winds from the homeland until they came and cleared the air again.

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**Who acts:** This, Balatama, winds · **What happens:** make, cry, protect, pray, call, come · **To what, where:** Balatama, winds, air · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 24. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, Balatama, winds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:24:48
# text = This made Balatama cry, but he protected himself with his father’s shield and prayed, calling on the winds from the homeland until they came and cleared the air again.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Balatama	Balatama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	protected	protect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
9	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	8	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	’s	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	prayed	pray	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	calling	call	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	winds	wind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	homeland	homeland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
25	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	cleared	clear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
32	again	again	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | This |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | infinitive | Balatama |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **protect** | past | Balatama | Balatama |  |  |  | with Balatama's father's shield | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **pray** | past | Balatama *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 5 | **call** | gerund | Balatama *not said here* |  |  | the winds |  | from the homeland | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from homeland=Source |
| 6 | **come** | past | winds *= wind* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **clear** | past | winds *= wind* *not said here* | the air |  |  | again |  | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent air=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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