---
title: A great storm arose, and stones as large as houses rained until the… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: A great storm arose, and stones as large as houses rained until the Sultan called to Balatama to put back the statue lest they all be killed. Who acts: great storm, houses. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 24, with its dependen
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 24, sentence 74

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A great storm arose, and stones as large as houses rained until the Sultan called to Balatama to put back the statue lest they all be killed.

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**Who acts:** great storm, houses · **What happens:** arise, rain, call, put back, kill · **To what, where:** Sultan, statue, storms · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 24. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great storm, houses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:24:76
# text = A great storm arose, and stones as large as houses rained until the Sultan called to Balatama to put back the statue lest they all be killed.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	arose	arise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	as	as	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	_
10	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	rained	rain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
13	until	until	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Sultan	Sultan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Balatama	Balatama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	xcomp	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
21	back	back	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	statue	statue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
24	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	aux:pass	_	_
28	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | past | a great storm |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **rain** | past | houses |  |  |  | until the Sultan |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |
| 3 | **call** | participle |  | the Sultan *not said here* |  |  |  | Balatama *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **put back** | to-infinitive |  | the statue |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent statue=Goal |
| 5 | **kill** | infinitive · passive |  | storms *= storm* |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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