---
title: Chang-ngan was the ancient capital of China, a very large city indee… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: Chang-ngan was the ancient capital of China, a very large city indeed, and Pin-Too, the teacher to whom Pei-Hang was sent, was the wisest man there. Who acts: Chang ngan, Pin. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 25, with its depen
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 25, sentence 26

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Chang-ngan was the ancient capital of China, a very large city indeed, and Pin-Too, the teacher to whom Pei-Hang was sent, was the wisest man there.

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**Who acts:** Chang ngan, Pin · **What happens:** be, send · **To what, where:** ancient capital, Pei, wisest man

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chang ngan, Pin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:25:27
# text = Chang-ngan was the ancient capital of China, a very large city indeed, and Pin-Too, the teacher to whom Pei-Hang was sent, was the wisest man there.
1	Chang	chang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	ngan	ngan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	very	very	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	_
15	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
18	Pin	Pin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nmod	_	_
26	Pei	Pei	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	Hang	Hang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	flat	_	_
29	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux:pass	_	_
30	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
32	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	cop	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	wisest	wise	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	35	amod	_	_
35	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
36	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	35	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Chang ngan | the ancient capital and the wisest man |  |  |  | of China; a large city *parataxis* | tree rules |
| 2 | **send** | past · passive |  | Pei |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | past | Pin | the wisest man |  | there |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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