---
title: But he had spent many sleepless nights in study, and when he reached… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: But he had spent many sleepless nights in study, and when he reached the bridge he was so tired that he sat down and fell asleep. Who acts: sun. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 25, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 25, sentence 40

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But he had spent many sleepless nights in study, and when he reached the bridge he was so tired that he sat down and fell asleep.

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**Who acts:** sun · **What happens:** spend, reach, be, sit down, fall · **To what, where:** study, bridge

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:25:41
# text = But he had spent many sleepless nights in study, and when he reached the bridge he was so tired that he sat down and fell asleep.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	spent	spend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	sleepless	sleepless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	nights	night	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	14	mark	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	so	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	parataxis	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
24	down	down	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
27	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | past · perfect | sun |  |  | study | night |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **reach** | past | sun | the bridge |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent bridge=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | sun |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **sit down** | past | sun |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **fall** | past | sun *not said here* |  |  |  |  | asleep *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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