---
title: Pei-Hang was greatly surprised, but he need not have been, for every… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: Pei-Hang was greatly surprised, but he need not have been, for everyone in Chang-ngan knew that he was Pin-Too’s wisest, handsomest, and best-loved pupil. Who acts: Pei, Pin. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 25, with its depend
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 25, sentence 52

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Pei-Hang was greatly surprised, but he need not have been, for everyone in Chang-ngan knew that he was Pin-Too’s wisest, handsomest, and best-loved pupil.

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**Who acts:** Pei, Pin · **What happens:** be, not need, have, love, pupil · **To what, where:** Pin · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pei, Pin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:25:53
# text = Pei-Hang was greatly surprised, but he need not have been, for everyone in Chang-ngan knew that he was Pin-Too’s wisest, handsomest, and best-loved pupil.
1	Pei	Pei	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Hang	Hang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	surprised	surprised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
12	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	21	obl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	Chang	Chang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	ngan	ngan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
21	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
25	Pin	Pin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	’s	's	PART	POS	_	25	acl:relcl	_	_
29	wisest	wise	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	37	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	handsomest	handsome	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
34	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	37	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	loved	love	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	37	amod	_	_
37	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Pei |  |  |  |  | greatly, surprised *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **need** | present | Pei |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **have** *not said to happen* | infinitive | Pei *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | for everyone in Chang ngan; know *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **is a** | past | Pei | Pin |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **love** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer |
| 7 | **pupil** |  | Pin |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ↑ back to [Opening, part 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/25/)