---
title: He was welcomed by the guards, who were pleased to congratulate him… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: He was welcomed by the guards, who were pleased to congratulate him upon the way in which he had listened to and heeded their good advice and counsel. Who acts: guards, youth. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 26, with its depen
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 26, sentence 102

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He was welcomed by the guards, who were pleased to congratulate him upon the way in which he had listened to and heeded their good advice and counsel.

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**Who acts:** guards, youth · **What happens:** welcome, be, congratulate, listen, heed · **To what, where:** youth, good advice

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (guards, youth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:26:103
# text = He was welcomed by the guards, who were pleased to congratulate him upon the way in which he had listened to and heeded their good advice and counsel.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	welcomed	welcome	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	guards	guard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	pleased	pleased	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	congratulate	congratulate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	obl	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	listened	listen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	acl:relcl	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	obl	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	heeded	heed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
26	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	advice	advice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	counsel	counsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **welcome** | past · passive | the guards | youth |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | the guards |  |  |  |  | pleased *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **congratulate** | to-infinitive | the guards *not said here* | youth |  |  |  | upon the way | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 4 | **listen** | past · perfect | youth |  |  |  |  | in the way | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in which=Theme |
| 5 | **heed** | past | youth *not said here* | guards's good advice and counsel |  |  |  |  | vn abide\_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent advice=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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