---
title: Pei-Hang, when he had finished staring at the Lake of Gems, walked r… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: Pei-Hang, when he had finished staring at the Lake of Gems, walked round it, and wondered how he was to carry it down the mountain and across the plains to Chang-ngan. Who acts: Pei. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 26, with it
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 26, sentence 14

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pei-Hang, when he had finished staring at the Lake of Gems, walked round it, and wondered how he was to carry it down the mountain and across the plains to Chang-ngan.

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**Who acts:** Pei · **What happens:** finish, stare, walk, wonder, be, chang · **To what, where:** Lake, ngan · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pei), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:26:14
# text = Pei-Hang, when he had finished staring at the Lake of Gems, walked round it, and wondered how he was to carry it down the mountain and across the plains to Chang-ngan.
1	Pei	Pei	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Hang	Hang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	1	acl:relcl	_	_
9	staring	stare	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Gems	Gem	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
16	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	round	round	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	wondered	wonder	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
22	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	26	advmod	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	ccomp	_	_
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	_
28	down	down	ADP	RP	_	26	compound:prt	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	across	across	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	plains	plain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	conj	_	_
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
36	Chang	chang	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	ngan	ngan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **finish** | past · perfect | Pei |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **stare** | gerund | Pei *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the Lake of Gems | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at lake=Theme |
| 3 | **walk** | past | Pei  Hang |  |  | Lake |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme round it=Trajectory |
| 4 | **wonder** *speech: ask* | past | Pei  Hang *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **is** | past | Pei |  |  |  |  | Lake *obj*; the mountain and the plains *obj*; carry *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **chang** | to-infinitive | Pei *not said here* | ngan |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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