--- title: There were great trees, from the branches of which came the exquisit… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics description: There were great trees, from the branches of which came the exquisite singing of innumerable birds; their eyes were gladdened by the beauty of the flowers, which gave forth a most pleasing perfume, and they found an abundance of delicious fruit, with which the trees were laden. Who acts: great trees --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/26/79/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jade Story Book; Stories from the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/) / [Opening, part 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/26/) / 79 # The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 26, sentence 79 There were great trees, from the branches of which came the exquisite singing of innumerable birds; their eyes were gladdened by the beauty of the flowers, which gave forth a most pleasing perfume, and they found an abundance of delicious fruit, with which the trees were laden. **Who acts:** great trees, branches, beauty, flowers, summons · **What happens:** be, come, gladden, give, find, lade · **To what, where:** eyes, pleasing perfume, abundance, trees, innumerable birds This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great trees, branches, beauty, flowers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg65965:26:80 # text = There were great trees, from the branches of which came the exquisite singing of innumerable birds; their eyes were gladdened by the beauty of the flowers, which gave forth a most pleasing perfume, and they found an abundance of delicious fruit, with which the trees were laden. 1 There there PRON EX PronType=Dem 2 expl _ _ 2 were be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 6 from from ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 branches branch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 11 nsubj _ _ 11 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 acl:relcl _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 exquisite exquisite ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 singing singing NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 innumerable innumerable ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 18 ; ; PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 19 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ _ 20 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 21 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux:pass _ _ 22 gladdened gladden VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 conj _ _ 23 by by ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 beauty beauty NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 flowers flower NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 31 nsubj _ _ 31 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 acl:relcl _ _ 32 forth forth ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 34 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 35 advmod _ _ 35 pleasing pleasing ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 perfume perfume NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 37 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 39 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 40 found find VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 parataxis _ _ 41 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 abundance abundance NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obj _ _ 43 of of ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 delicious delicious ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 45 fruit fruit NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 46 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 47 with with ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 48 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 52 obl _ _ 49 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 52 nsubj:pass _ _ 51 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 52 aux:pass _ _ 52 laden lade VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 40 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 53 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **be** | past | great trees | | | there | | the branches *nsubj* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **come** | past | the branches | | | | | the exquisite singing of innumerable birds *nsubj* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **gladden** | past · passive | the beauty of the flowers | summons's eyes | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer | | 4 | **give** | past | the flowers | a pleasing perfume | | | | forth *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent perfume=Theme | | 5 | **find** | past | summons *= summon* | a abundance of delicious fruit | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abundance=Topic | | 6 | **lade** | past · passive | | the trees | | | | which *obl* | tree rules | | 7 | **sing** | | | innumerable birds | | | | | nom singing «act transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 78](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/26/78/) - next →: [sentence 80](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/26/80/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/26/)