---
title: This was done, but the widow spoke to him so very cleverly, saying t… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: This was done, but the widow spoke to him so very cleverly, saying that she had done this thing only that she might gain an audience with him, and so cunningly did she speak that she actually pleased him well with her words, and instead of punishing her, the Rajah married her; so she and her daughte
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 3, sentence 45

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This was done, but the widow spoke to him so very cleverly, saying that she had done this thing only that she might gain an audience with him, and so cunningly did she speak that she actually pleased him well with her words, and instead of punishing her, the Rajah married her; so she and her daughter came to the palace to live.

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**Who acts:** widow, woman, Rajah · **What happens:** do, speak, say, gain, punish, marry · **To what, where:** This, Rajah, thing, audience, woman, palace · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (widow, woman, Rajah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:3:46
# text = This was done, but the widow spoke to him so very cleverly, saying that she had done this thing only that she might gain an audience with him, and so cunningly did she speak that she actually pleased him well with her words, and instead of punishing her, the Rajah married her; so she and her daughter came to the palace to live.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	very	very	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	cleverly	cleverly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
17	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	ccomp	_	_
20	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
21	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	only	only	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	gain	gain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	advcl	_	_
27	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
33	so	so	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
34	cunningly	cunningly	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
35	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
36	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
37	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
38	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
39	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
40	actually	actually	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
41	pleased	pleased	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	advcl	_	_
42	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
43	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	41	advmod	_	_
44	with	with	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	46	nmod:poss	_	_
46	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
48	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	56	cc	_	_
49	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	51	mark	_	_
50	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	fixed	_	_
51	punishing	punish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	56	advcl	_	_
52	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	51	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
55	Rajah	Rajah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	56	nsubj	_	_
56	married	marry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
57	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	56	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	64	punct	_	_
59	so	so	ADV	RB	_	64	advmod	_	_
60	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	64	nsubj	_	_
61	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	63	cc	_	_
62	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	63	nmod:poss	_	_
63	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	conj	_	_
64	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
65	to	to	ADP	IN	_	67	case	_	_
66	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	67	det	_	_
67	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	64	obl	_	_
68	to	to	PART	TO	_	69	mark	_	_
69	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	67	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
70	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past · passive |  | This |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the widow |  | Rajah |  |  | cleverly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to he=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the widow *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **do** | past · perfect | woman | this thing |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality |
| 5 | **gain** | might | woman | a audience |  |  |  | with Rajah | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent audience=Theme |
| 6 | **speak** *speech: other* | past · do-support | woman |  |  |  |  | cunningly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **punish** | gerund | the Rajah *not said here* | woman |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Patient |
| 8 | **marry** | past | the Rajah | woman |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Patient |
| 9 | **come** | past | woman |  |  | the palace |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to palace=Initial\_Location |
| 10 | **live** | to-infinitive | woman *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 11 | **word** |  | woman |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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