---
title: In my own land I was, until recently, a man of wealth, and had all t… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: In my own land I was, until recently, a man of wealth, and had all that riches could buy, but through no fault of mine I lost all this, and am now destitute. Who acts: I, riches, man. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 3, with it
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 3, sentence 9

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In my own land I was, until recently, a man of wealth, and had all that riches could buy, but through no fault of mine I lost all this, and am now destitute.

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**Who acts:** I, riches, man · **What happens:** be, have, buy, lose, fault · **To what, where:** man, own land, this, fault, mine

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, riches, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:3:9
# text = In my own land I was, until recently, a man of wealth, and had all that riches could buy, but through no fault of mine I lost all this, and am now destitute.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	until	until	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	recently	recently	ADV	RB	_	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	wealth	wealth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
18	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	20	det:predet	_	_
19	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	riches	rich	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
21	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	buy	buy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
24	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
25	through	through	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	27	det	_	_
27	fault	fault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	mine	my	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod	_	_
30	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	parataxis	_	_
32	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	33	det:predet	_	_
33	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
36	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	cop	_	_
37	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	38	advmod	_	_
38	destitute	destitute	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | I | a man |  | my own land |  | of wealth | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | past | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **buy** | could | all riches |  |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **lose** | past | I | this |  | no fault of mine |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Eventuality |
| 5 | **is** | present | a man *not said here* |  |  |  | now | destitute *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **fault** |  |  | mine |  |  |  |  | nom fault «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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