--- title: On learning his determination his aunts were much alarmed, saying, “… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics description: On learning his determination his aunts were much alarmed, saying, “We have lost our husbands and our sister and her husband and you are now our only hope; if you go away, what shall we do?” Who acts: determination, We, you, Balna. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/4/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jade Story Book; Stories from the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/) / [Opening, part 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/4/) / 10 # The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 4, sentence 10 On learning his determination his aunts were much alarmed, saying, “We have lost our husbands and our sister and her husband and you are now our only hope; if you go away, what shall we do?” **Who acts:** determination, We, you, Balna · **What happens:** learn, alarm, say, lose, be, go away · **To what, where:** determination, aunts, husbands, only hope · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (determination, We, you, Balna), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg65965:4:10 # text = On learning his determination his aunts were much alarmed, saying, “We have lost our husbands and our sister and her husband and you are now our only hope; if you go away, what shall we do?” 1 On on SCONJ IN _ 2 mark _ _ 2 learning learn VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 3 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ _ 4 determination determination NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 aunts aunt NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 7 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux:pass _ _ 8 much much ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 9 alarmed alarm VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 11 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 12 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 13 “ " PUNCT `` _ 16 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 14 We we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 15 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 16 lost lose VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 11 ccomp _ _ 17 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 husbands husband NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 20 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 sister sister NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 conj _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 23 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 24 husband husband NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 conj _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 26 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 27 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 28 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 31 advmod _ _ 29 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 30 only only ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 hope hope NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 32 ; ; PUNCT : _ 35 punct _ _ 33 if if SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 34 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 35 go go VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 36 away away ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 37 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 38 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 41 obj _ _ 39 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 41 aux _ _ 40 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 41 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 35 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 42 ? ? PUNCT . _ 41 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 43 ” " PUNCT '' _ 41 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **learn** | gerund | | Balna's determination | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **alarm** | past · passive | Balna's determination *not said here* | Balna's aunts | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | | 3 | **say** *speech: ask* | gerund | | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **lose** *in a quote* | present · perfect | We | our husbands and our sister and dog's husband | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent husband=Eventuality | | 5 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | you | our only hope | | | now | our *nmod:poss* | tree rules | | 6 | **go away** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | present | you | | | | | away *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **do** *in a quote* | shall | we | | | | | what *obj* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | | 8 | **determine** | | Balna | | | | | | nom determination «act intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/4/9/) - next →: [sentence 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/4/11/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/4/)