---
title: Now travel in those days was not easy, but full of danger and diffic… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: Now travel in those days was not easy, but full of danger and difficulty, and the first knight lacked the courage to go to India. Who acts: first knight. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 5, with its dependency tree and the prag
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 5, sentence 28

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Now travel in those days was not easy, but full of danger and difficulty, and the first knight lacked the courage to go to India.

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**Who acts:** first knight · **What happens:** travel, not be, be, lack, go · **To what, where:** courage, India

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:5:28
# text = Now travel in those days was not easy, but full of danger and difficulty, and the first knight lacked the courage to go to India.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	travel	travel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	20	amod	_	_
20	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	lacked	lack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	advcl	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | infinitive |  |  |  |  | now; day |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  | of danger and difficulty | tree rules |
| 4 | **lack** | past | the first knight | the courage |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **go** | to-infinitive | the first knight *not said here* |  |  | India |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to india=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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