---
title: Now he had a friend who lived in China, and to him he wrote, offerin… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: Now he had a friend who lived in China, and to him he wrote, offering him a very large sum of money if he would procure that which he desired. Who acts: old, friend. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 5, with its dependency tree 
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 5, sentence 41

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now he had a friend who lived in China, and to him he wrote, offering him a very large sum of money if he would procure that which he desired.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** old, friend · **What happens:** have, live, write, offer, procure, desire · **To what, where:** friend, China, old, large sum, money

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:5:41
# text = Now he had a friend who lived in China, and to him he wrote, offering him a very large sum of money if he would procure that which he desired.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	offering	offer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	very	very	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
27	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	procure	procure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
29	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
30	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	32	nsubj	_	_
31	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	desired	desire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | old | a friend |  |  | now |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Patient |
| 2 | **live** | past | a friend |  |  | China |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in china=Location |
| 3 | **write** | past | old |  | old |  |  |  | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V PP.recipient PP.topic»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient |
| 4 | **offer** | gerund | old *not said here* | a large sum of money | old |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: agent=Agent he=Goal sum=Theme |
| 5 | **procure** *a condition, not said to happen* | would | old |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **desire** | past |  |  |  |  |  | which *nsubj*; old *nsubj* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 7 | **sum** |  |  | money |  |  |  |  | nom sum «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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