---
title: Winter and Spring passed, and Summer came, and still the knights wat… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: Winter and Spring passed, and Summer came, and still the knights watched and waited. Who acts: Winter, Summer, knights. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 5, sentence 8

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Winter and Spring passed, and Summer came, and still the knights watched and waited.

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**Who acts:** Winter, Summer, knights · **What happens:** pass, come, watch, wait

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Winter, Summer, knights), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:5:8
# text = Winter and Spring passed, and Summer came, and still the knights watched and waited.
1	Winter	Winter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Spring	Spring	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	Summer	Summer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	still	still	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	knights	knight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	waited	wait	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past | Winter and Spring |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | past | Summer |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **watch** | past | the knights |  |  |  | still |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **wait** | past | the knights *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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