---
title: If he had been surprised to hear the Crab’s voice when he stopped be… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: If he had been surprised to hear the Crab’s voice when he stopped before, how much more so was he now, when the Crab said: “Ha, ha! Who acts: Crab. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 6, sentence 16

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If he had been surprised to hear the Crab’s voice when he stopped before, how much more so was he now, when the Crab said: “Ha, ha!

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**Who acts:** Crab · **What happens:** be, hear, stop · **To what, where:** voice

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Crab), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:6:16
# text = If he had been surprised to hear the Crab’s voice when he stopped before, how much more so was he now, when the Crab said: “Ha, ha!
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
5	surprised	surprised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Crab	Crab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	’s	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
12	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
15	before	before	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
18	much	much	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
20	so	so	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
23	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	28	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	28	advmod	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	Crab	Crab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
30	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	Ha	ha	INTJ	UH	_	33	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
33	ha	ha	INTJ	UH	_	28	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past · perfect | Crab |  |  |  |  | surprised *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hear** | to-infinitive | Crab *not said here* | the Crab's voice |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus |
| 3 | **stop** | past | Crab |  |  |  |  | before *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **is** | past | Crab |  |  |  | now | say *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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