---
title: Once upon a time a certain king had as his Chief Counsellor a man wh… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: Once upon a time a certain king had as his Chief Counsellor a man who was proud and oppressive to those under him. Who acts: certain king, man. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/6/22/)

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 6, sentence 22

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Once upon a time a certain king had as his Chief Counsellor a man who was proud and oppressive to those under him.

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**Who acts:** certain king, man · **What happens:** have, be · **To what, where:** man

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (certain king, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:6:23
# text = Once upon a time a certain king had as his Chief Counsellor a man who was proud and oppressive to those under him.
1	Once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	8	advmod	_	_
2	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	Chief	Chief	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Counsellor	Counsellor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
15	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	proud	proud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	acl:relcl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	oppressive	oppressive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	19	obl	_	_
22	under	under	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | a certain king | a man |  |  |  | as king's Chief Counsellor; once *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | a man |  |  |  |  | proud *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | a man *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to those under king | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ← previous: [sentence 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/6/21/)
- next →: [sentence 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/6/23/)
- ↑ back to [Opening, part 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/6/)