---
title: By his order various pits were dug there, and covered with leaves, f… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: By his order various pits were dug there, and covered with leaves, for the purpose of catching wild beasts. Who acts: order, purpose, man. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 6, sentence 24

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By his order various pits were dug there, and covered with leaves, for the purpose of catching wild beasts.

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**Who acts:** order, purpose, man · **What happens:** dig, cover, catch, order · **To what, where:** various pits, wild beasts

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (order, purpose, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:6:25
# text = By his order various pits were dug there, and covered with leaves, for the purpose of catching wild beasts.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	various	various	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	pits	pit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	dug	dig	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
18	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	catching	catch	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	acl	_	_
20	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | past · passive | man's order | various pits |  | there |  |  | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **cover** | participle | man's order *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with leaves; the purpose *conj* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with leaf=Theme |
| 3 | **catch** | gerund | the purpose *not said here* | wild beasts |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beast=Theme |
| 4 | **order** |  | man |  |  |  |  |  | nom order «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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