---
title: Not far from the pit was lying asleep a poor man called Guido, who h… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: Not far from the pit was lying asleep a poor man called Guido, who had come with his ass to the forest to gather firewood, by the sale of which he made a poor living. Who acts: poor man, Scarcely. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, pa
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 6, sentence 29

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not far from the pit was lying asleep a poor man called Guido, who had come with his ass to the forest to gather firewood, by the sale of which he made a poor living.

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**Who acts:** poor man, Scarcely · **What happens:** lie, call, come, gather, make · **To what, where:** poor man, firewood, poor living · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poor man, Scarcely), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:6:30
# text = Not far from the pit was lying asleep a poor man called Guido, who had come with his ass to the forest to gather firewood, by the sale of which he made a poor living.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pit	pit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
12	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	Guido	Guido	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	acl	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	ass	ass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	gather	gather	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
26	firewood	firewood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	by	by	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	sale	sale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	obl	_	_
33	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
34	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	acl:relcl	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past · progressive |  | a poor man |  |  |  | by the sale; asleep, far *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | a poor man *not said here* |  |  |  | Guido *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **come** | past · perfect | a poor man |  |  |  |  | with Scarcely's ass to the forest | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **gather** | to-infinitive | a poor man *not said here* | firewood |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent firewood=Theme |
| 5 | **make** | past | Scarcely | a poor living |  |  |  | of the sale | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent living=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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