---
title: The past season had been an unfortunate one for him, and it was nece… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: The past season had been an unfortunate one for him, and it was necessary for him to have these. Who acts: past season. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 6, sentence 78

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The past season had been an unfortunate one for him, and it was necessary for him to have these.

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**Who acts:** past season · **What happens:** be, have · **To what, where:** unfortunate one, these

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (past season), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:6:81
# text = The past season had been an unfortunate one for him, and it was necessary for him to have these.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	season	season	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	unfortunate	unfortunate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	expl	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	necessary	necessary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
20	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past · perfect | the past season | a unfortunate one |  |  |  | for Musai | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the past season *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for Musai; necessary *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | to-infinitive | the past season *not said here* | these |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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