---
title: ‘Sir,’ said he, ‘I have overcome temptation, practised penance, and… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Sir,’ said he, ‘I have overcome temptation, practised penance, and know the Scriptures. Who acts: Sir, I. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 7, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 7, sentence 101

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‘Sir,’ said he, ‘I have overcome temptation, practised penance, and know the Scriptures.

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**Who acts:** Sir, I · **What happens:** say, overcome, practise, know · **To what, where:** temptation, Scriptures · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sir, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:7:103
# text = ‘Sir,’ said he, ‘I have overcome temptation, practised penance, and know the Scriptures.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sir	Sir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	overcome	overcome	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	parataxis	_	_
12	temptation	temptation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	practised	practise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	penance	penance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Scriptures	Scripture	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Sir |  |  |  |  | sir *nsubj* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **overcome** | present · perfect | I | temptation and practised penance |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot temptation=Theme |
| 3 | **practise** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **know** | infinitive | I *not said here* | the Scriptures |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer scripture=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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