---
title: The Crow stayed through the night with his poor friend, trying to th… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: The Crow stayed through the night with his poor friend, trying to think of some way to free him, and at last he hit upon a plan which proved to be successful. Who acts: Crow, plan. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 7, with its d
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 7, sentence 131

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The Crow stayed through the night with his poor friend, trying to think of some way to free him, and at last he hit upon a plan which proved to be successful.

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**Who acts:** Crow, plan · **What happens:** stay, try, think, hit, prove, be

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Crow, plan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:7:133
# text = The Crow stayed through the night with his poor friend, trying to think of some way to free him, and at last he hit upon a plan which proved to be successful.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	trying	try	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	17	det	_	_
17	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
23	at	at	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	last	last	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	hit	hit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
27	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
30	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	nsubj	_	_
31	proved	prove	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	acl:relcl	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
33	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	cop	_	_
34	successful	successful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | past | the Crow |  |  |  | night | with CROW's poor friend | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with friend=Location |
| 2 | **try** | gerund | the Crow *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the Crow *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of some way | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **hit** | past | CROW |  |  |  |  | upon a plan; at last | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at last=Patient |
| 5 | **prove** | past | a plan |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **is** | to-infinitive | a plan *not said here* |  |  |  |  | successful *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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