---
title: Sharp-sense, as soon as he saw him approaching, said to his friend,… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: Sharp-sense, as soon as he saw him approaching, said to his friend, “Look as though you were dead; stiffen out your legs and lie very still. Who acts: Sharp sense, friend. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 7, with its dependency
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 7, sentence 133

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sharp-sense, as soon as he saw him approaching, said to his friend, “Look as though you were dead; stiffen out your legs and lie very still.

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**Who acts:** Sharp sense, friend · **What happens:** see, approach, say, look, be, stiffen out · **To what, where:** CROW, friend, legs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sharp sense, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:7:135
# text = Sharp-sense, as soon as he saw him approaching, said to his friend, “Look as though you were dead; stiffen out your legs and lie very still.
1	Sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	as	as	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	approaching	approach	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
20	as	as	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
26	stiffen	stiffen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
27	out	out	ADP	RP	_	26	compound:prt	_	_
28	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	lie	lie	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
32	very	very	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
33	still	still	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Sharp sense | CROW |  |  |  | sense *nsubj*; soon *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 2 | **approach** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  | CROW's friend |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to friend=Recipient |
| 4 | **look** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 5 | **is** *in a quote* | past | CROW's friend *= friend* |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **stiffen out** *in a quote* | infinitive | Sharp sense *not said here* | your legs |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent leg=Patient |
| 7 | **lie** *in a quote* | present | Sharp sense *not said here* |  |  |  | still |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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