--- title: Now there was a poor man called Abibas, a wanderer with no place he… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics description: Now there was a poor man called Abibas, a wanderer with no place he could call home, who heard of the king’s proclamation, and he said to himself: “I am poor and have but little to lose; if I may overcome this princess and marry her I shall not only enrich myself, but will be able to assist my relat --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/7/28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jade Story Book; Stories from the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/) / [Opening, part 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/7/) / 28 # The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 7, sentence 28 Now there was a poor man called Abibas, a wanderer with no place he could call home, who heard of the king’s proclamation, and he said to himself: “I am poor and have but little to lose; if I may overcome this princess and marry her I shall not only enrich myself, but will be able to assist my relatives and what friends I have.” **Who acts:** poor man, man, king · **What happens:** be, call, hear, say, have, lose · **To what, where:** poor man, man, princess, relatives, friends · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poor man, man, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg65965:7:29 # text = Now there was a poor man called Abibas, a wanderer with no place he could call home, who heard of the king’s proclamation, and he said to himself: “I am poor and have but little to lose; if I may overcome this princess and marry her I shall not only enrich myself, but will be able to assist my relatives and what friends I have.” 1 Now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 3 advmod _ _ 2 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 3 expl _ _ 3 was be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 poor poor ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 7 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 acl _ _ 8 Abibas Abibas PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 wanderer wanderer NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 appos _ _ 12 with with ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 14 det _ _ 14 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 15 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 16 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 17 call call VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 parataxis _ _ 18 home home ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 19 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 21 nsubj _ _ 21 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 parataxis _ _ 22 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 25 ’s 's PART POS _ 24 case _ _ 26 proclamation proclamation NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 27 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 29 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 30 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 31 to to ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 30 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 33 : : PUNCT : _ 37 punct _ _ 34 “ " PUNCT `` _ 37 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 35 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ _ 36 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 cop _ _ 37 poor poor ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 ccomp _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 39 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 conj _ _ 40 but but CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 41 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 conj _ _ 42 to to PART TO _ 43 mark _ _ 43 lose lose VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 41 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 44 ; ; PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 45 if if SCONJ IN _ 48 mark _ _ 46 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 48 nsubj _ _ 47 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 48 aux _ _ 48 overcome overcome VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 parataxis _ _ 49 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 50 det _ _ 50 princess princess NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obj _ _ 51 and and CCONJ CC _ 52 cc _ _ 52 marry marry VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 48 conj _ _ 53 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 52 obj _ _ 54 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 58 nsubj _ _ 55 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 58 aux _ _ 56 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 58 advmod _ _ 57 only only ADV RB _ 58 advmod _ _ 58 enrich enrich VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 52 conj _ _ 59 myself myself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 58 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 60 , , PUNCT , _ 64 punct _ _ 61 but but CCONJ CC _ 64 cc _ _ 62 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 64 aux _ _ 63 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 64 cop _ _ 64 able able ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 parataxis _ _ 65 to to PART TO _ 66 mark _ _ 66 assist assist VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 64 xcomp _ _ 67 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 68 nmod:poss _ _ 68 relatives relative NOUN NNS Number=Plur 66 obj _ _ 69 and and CCONJ CC _ 70 cc _ _ 70 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 66 obj _ _ 71 friends friend NOUN NNS Number=Plur 70 nsubj _ _ 72 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 73 nsubj _ _ 73 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 71 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 74 . . PUNCT . _ 17 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 75 ” " PUNCT '' _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **be** | past | a poor man | | | there | now | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **call** | participle | | a poor man *not said here* | | | | Abibas *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **call** *speech: assert* | could | man | | | | | with no place; home *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **hear** | past | | | | | | of the king's proclamation; who *nsubj* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of proclamation=Stimulus | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | man | | man | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to himself=Recipient | | 6 | **is** *in a quote* | present | man | | | | | poor *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **have** *in a quote* | present | man *not said here* | | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **be** *in a quote* | | man *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 9 | **lose** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | man *not said here* | | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 10 | **overcome** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | may | man | this princess | | | | | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot princess=Theme | | 11 | **marry** *in a quote* | infinitive | man *not said here* | princess | | | | | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Patient | | 12 | **not** **enrich** *in a quote* | shall | man | man | | | | | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent myself=Destination | | 13 | **is** *in a quote* | future | | | | | | able *property* | tree rules | | 14 | **assist** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | | my relatives | | | | what friends *obj* | tree rules | | 15 | **have** *in a quote* | present | man | friends *not said here* | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Patient | | 16 | **proclaim** | | the king | | | | | | nom proclamation «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/7/27/) - next →: [sentence 29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/7/29/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/7/)