---
title: “On the banks of the River Ganges is a cliff called Vulture-Crag, up… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: “On the banks of the River Ganges is a cliff called Vulture-Crag, upon which was a large fig-tree. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 7, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 7, sentence 76

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“On the banks of the River Ganges is a cliff called Vulture-Crag, upon which was a large fig-tree.

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**What happens:** be, call · **To what, where:** cliff, banks, large fig tree · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:7:78
# text = “On the banks of the River Ganges is a cliff called Vulture-Crag, upon which was a large fig-tree.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	banks	bank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Ganges	Ganges	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	Vulture	Vulture	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Crag	Crag	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
17	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	obl	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
21	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
22	fig	fig	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | a cliff and a large fig tree |  | the banks of the River Ganges |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** *in a quote* | participle |  | a cliff and a large fig tree *not said here* |  |  |  | Vulture *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | past |  | a large fig tree |  |  |  | upon a cliff and a large fig tree | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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