--- title: The boy was surprised, and said: “I believe this lazy old farmer has… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics description: The boy was surprised, and said: “I believe this lazy old farmer has taken our bag,” and then he seized Chô’s nose, and gave it a good pull. Who acts: boy, I, farmer. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 7, with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/7/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jade Story Book; Stories from the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/) / [Opening, part 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/7/) / 8 # The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 7, sentence 8 The boy was surprised, and said: “I believe this lazy old farmer has taken our bag,” and then he seized Chô’s nose, and gave it a good pull. **Who acts:** boy, I, farmer · **What happens:** be, say, believe, take, seize, give · **To what, where:** this, lazy old farmer, nose, bag · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, I, farmer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg65965:7:8 # text = The boy was surprised, and said: “I believe this lazy old farmer has taken our bag,” and then he seized Chô’s nose, and gave it a good pull. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 boy boy NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 surprised surprised ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 8 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 9 “ " PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 10 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 believe believe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 ccomp _ _ 12 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 11 obj _ _ 13 lazy lazy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 14 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 farmer farmer NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj:pass _ _ 16 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 17 taken take VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 ccomp _ _ 18 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 19 bag bag NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 21 ” " PUNCT '' _ 11 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 23 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 25 advmod _ _ 24 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 seized seize VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 26 Chô Chô PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 27 ’s 's PART POS _ 26 case _ _ 28 nose nose NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ _ 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 pull pull NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 36 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | the boy | | | | | surprised *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **believe** *in a quote* | present | I | this | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **take** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive | | lazy old farmer | | | | our bag *obj* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme bag=Destination | | 5 | **seize** | past | farmer | Chô's nose | | | then | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Theme | | 6 | **give** | past | farmer *not said here* | bag | | | | a good pull *obj* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent it=Recipient pull=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/7/7/) - next →: [sentence 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/7/9/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/7/)