---
title: You may be sure that the young pigeons decided that the older ones w… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: You may be sure that the young pigeons decided that the older ones were wiser in counsel than they, and to be more careful when “daring” their fellows. Who acts: You, young pigeons, older ones. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 8, sentence 36

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You may be sure that the young pigeons decided that the older ones were wiser in counsel than they, and to be more careful when “daring” their fellows.

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**Who acts:** You, young pigeons, older ones · **What happens:** be, decide, dare · **To what, where:** counsel, fellows · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, young pigeons, older ones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:8:37
# text = You may be sure that the young pigeons decided that the older ones were wiser in counsel than they, and to be more careful when “daring” their fellows.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	pigeons	pigeon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	decided	decide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	amod	_	_
13	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	wiser	wise	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	ccomp	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	counsel	counsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
18	than	than	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
23	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	cop	_	_
24	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	25	advmod	_	_
25	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
26	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	28	advmod	_	_
27	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	daring	dare	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	28	punct	_	_
30	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	fellows	fellow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | may | You |  |  |  |  | sure *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **decide** | past | the young pigeons |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | past | the older ones |  |  | counsel |  | than Pigeons *= pigeon*; wise *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | to-infinitive | You *not said here* |  |  |  |  | careful *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **dare** *in a quote* | gerund | You *not said here* |  | Pigeons's fellows |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fellow=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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