---
title: Then Jofuku gave Opulo a small bird made of paper, and told him to s… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: Then Jofuku gave Opulo a small bird made of paper, and told him to sit upon it. Who acts: Jofuku. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 8, sentence 63

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Then Jofuku gave Opulo a small bird made of paper, and told him to sit upon it.

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**Who acts:** Jofuku · **What happens:** give, make, tell, sit · **To what, where:** small bird, Opulo, paper · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jofuku), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:8:65
# text = Then Jofuku gave Opulo a small bird made of paper, and told him to sit upon it.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	Jofuku	Jofuku	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Opulo	Opulo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	iobj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
17	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Jofuku | a small bird | Opulo |  | then |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent opulo=Recipient bird=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a small bird *not said here* |  |  |  | of paper | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Jofuku *not said here* |  | Opulo |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **sit** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Jofuku *not said here* |  |  | paper |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon it=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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