---
title: Indeed, it is the real difficulty and obscurity of the language, whi… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: Indeed, it is the real difficulty and obscurity of the language, which in spite of careful and scholarly editing will always place the poem in its original form outside the range of any but professed students of mediæval literature, which has encouraged me to make an attempt to render it more access
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 1, sentence 11

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Indeed, it is the real difficulty and obscurity of the language, which in spite of careful and scholarly editing will always place the poem in its original form outside the range of any but professed students of mediæval literature, which has encouraged me to make an attempt to render it more accessible to the general public, by giving it a form that shall be easily intelligible, and at the same time preserve as closely as possible the style of the author.

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**Who acts:** dialect, language, form · **What happens:** be, place, profess, encourage, make, render · **To what, where:** real difficulty, spite, students, mediæval literature, attempt, dialect

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dialect, language, form), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:1:11
# text = Indeed, it is the real difficulty and obscurity of the language, which in spite of careful and scholarly editing will always place the poem in its original form outside the range of any but professed students of mediæval literature, which has encouraged me to make an attempt to render it more accessible to the general public, by giving it a form that shall be easily intelligible, and at the same time preserve as closely as possible the style of the author.
1	Indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	obscurity	obscurity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	spite	spite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	_
21	editing	editing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
22	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	24	advmod	_	_
24	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	appos	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
29	original	original	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
31	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	range	range	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	33	nmod	_	_
36	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	professed	profess	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	conj	_	_
38	students	student	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obj	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	mediæval	mediæval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
43	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	45	nsubj:pass	_	_
44	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	45	aux	_	_
45	encouraged	encourage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	41	acl:relcl	_	_
46	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	45	obj	_	_
47	to	to	PART	TO	_	48	mark	_	_
48	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	45	advcl	_	_
49	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	attempt	attempt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obj	_	_
51	to	to	PART	TO	_	52	mark	_	_
52	render	render	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	50	acl	_	_
53	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	obj	_	_
54	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	55	advmod	_	_
55	accessible	accessible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	xcomp	_	_
56	to	to	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
58	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	59	amod	_	_
59	public	public	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	62	punct	_	_
61	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	62	mark	_	_
62	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	48	advcl	_	_
63	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	62	obj	_	_
64	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	65	det	_	_
65	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	obj	_	_
66	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	70	nsubj	_	_
67	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	70	aux	_	_
68	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	70	cop	_	_
69	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	70	advmod	_	_
70	intelligible	intelligible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	65	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
71	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	77	punct	_	_
72	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	77	cc	_	_
73	at	at	ADP	IN	_	77	case	_	_
74	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	77	det	_	_
75	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	77	amod	_	_
76	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	77	compound	_	_
77	preserve	preserve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	parataxis	_	_
78	as	as	ADV	RB	_	79	advmod	_	_
79	closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	81	advmod	_	_
80	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	81	mark	_	_
81	possible	possible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	77	advcl	_	_
82	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	83	det	_	_
83	style	style	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	81	nsubj	_	_
84	of	of	ADP	IN	_	86	case	_	_
85	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	86	det	_	_
86	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	83	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
87	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | dialect | the real difficulty and obscurity |  |  |  | of the language and place; obscurity *conj*; indeed *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **place** | future | the language and place |  |  | spite |  | of careful editing; the poem in dialect's original form outside the range of any *appos*; always *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **profess** | past | the language and place *not said here* | students of mediæval literature |  |  |  | the same time preserve *parataxis* | vn declare-29.4-1-1-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent student=Theme |
| 4 | **encourage** | present · perfect · passive |  | mediæval literature |  |  |  | me *obj* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer i=Result |
| 5 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a attempt |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset attempt=Product |
| 6 | **render** | to-infinitive |  | dialect |  |  |  | accessible *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 7 | **give** | gerund |  | dialect |  |  |  | a form *obj* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent it=Recipient form=Theme |
| 8 | **is** | shall | a form |  |  |  |  | easily, intelligible *property* | tree rules |
| 9 | **form** |  | dialect |  |  |  |  | outside the range of any | nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent outside=obl |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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