--- title: Thus Romulus built Rome (and gave to the city his own name, which it… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics description: Thus Romulus built Rome (and gave to the city his own name, which it bears even to this day); and Ticius turned him to Tuscany; and Langobard raised him up dwellings in Lombardy; and Felix Brutus sailed far over the French flood, and founded the kingdom of Britain, wherein have been war and waste an --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/1/44/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Mid…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/) / [Opening, part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/1/) / 44 # Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 1, sentence 44 Thus Romulus built Rome (and gave to the city his own name, which it bears even to this day); and Ticius turned him to Tuscany; and Langobard raised him up dwellings in Lombardy; and Felix Brutus sailed far over the French flood, and founded the kingdom of Britain, wherein have been war and waste and wonder, and bliss and bale, oft-times since. **Who acts:** Romulus, name, Ticius, Langobard, Felix · **What happens:** build, give, bear, turn, raise up, sail · **To what, where:** Rome, own name, city, Romulus, Tuscany, French flood This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Romulus, name, Ticius, Langobard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg66084:1:44 # text = Thus Romulus built Rome (and gave to the city his own name, which it bears even to this day); and Ticius turned him to Tuscany; and Langobard raised him up dwellings in Lombardy; and Felix Brutus sailed far over the French flood, and founded the kingdom of Britain, wherein have been war and waste and wonder, and bliss and bale, oft-times since. 1 Thus thus ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 2 Romulus Romulus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 built build VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 Rome Rome PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 8 to to ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 11 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 12 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 name name NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 14 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 15 which which DET WDT PronType=Int 17 det _ _ 16 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 bears bear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 conj _ _ 18 even even ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 19 to to ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 21 det _ _ 21 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 22 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 Ticius Ticius PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 26 turned turn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 27 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obj _ _ 28 to to ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 Tuscany Tuscany PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 33 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 Langobard Langobard PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 33 raised raise VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 34 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 obj _ _ 35 up up ADP RP _ 33 compound:prt _ _ 36 dwellings dwelling NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obj _ _ 37 in in ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 Lombardy Lombardy PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 39 ; ; PUNCT : _ 43 punct _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 41 Felix Felix PROPN NNP Number=Sing 43 nsubj _ _ 42 Brutus Brutus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 flat _ _ 43 sailed sail VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 44 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 43 advmod _ _ 45 over over ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 47 French French ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 amod _ _ 48 flood flood NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 49 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 50 and and CCONJ CC _ 51 cc _ _ 51 founded found VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 43 conj _ _ 52 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 53 det _ _ 53 kingdom kingdom NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 obj _ _ 54 of of ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 55 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 53 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 56 , , PUNCT , _ 57 punct _ _ 57 wherein wherein ADV WRB PronType=Int 51 parataxis _ _ 58 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 60 aux _ _ 59 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 60 cop _ _ 60 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 57 nsubj _ _ 61 and and CCONJ CC _ 62 cc _ _ 62 waste waste NOUN NN Number=Sing 60 conj _ _ 63 and and CCONJ CC _ 64 cc _ _ 64 wonder wonder NOUN NN Number=Sing 60 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 65 , , PUNCT , _ 67 punct _ _ 66 and and CCONJ CC _ 67 cc _ _ 67 bliss bliss NOUN NN Number=Sing 60 conj _ _ 68 and and CCONJ CC _ 69 cc _ _ 69 bale bale NOUN NN Number=Sing 67 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 70 , , PUNCT , _ 73 punct _ _ 71 oft oft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 73 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 72 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 71 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 73 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 67 obl:unmarked _ _ 74 since since ADV RB _ 73 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 75 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **build** | past | Romulus | Rome | | | | thus *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rome=Product | | 2 | **give** | past | Romulus *not said here* | Romulus's own name and which bears | the city | | day | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Theme to city=Recipient | | 3 | **bear** | | name | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **turn** | past | Ticius | Romulus | Tuscany | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent he=Theme to tuscany=Result | | 5 | **raise up** | past | Langobard | Romulus | | | | dwellings *obj* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent he=Theme dwelling=Destination | | 6 | **sail** | past | Felix | | | the French flood | | far *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over flood=Trajectory | | 7 | **found** | past | Felix *not said here* | the kingdom of Britain | | | | | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kingdom=Patient | | 8 | **is a** | present · perfect | | war and waste and wonder and bliss oft times and bale | | | | waste *conj*; wonder *conj*; bliss oft times and bale *conj* | tree rules | | 9 | **name** | | Romulus | | | | | | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/1/43/) - next →: [sentence 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/1/45/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/1/)