---
title: There they held rich revels with gay talk and jest; one while they w… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: There they held rich revels with gay talk and jest; one while they would ride forth to joust and tourney, and again back to the court to make carols;[0] for there was the feast holden fifteen days with all the mirth that men could devise, song and glee, glorious to hear, in the daytime, and dancing 
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 1, sentence 49

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There they held rich revels with gay talk and jest; one while they would ride forth to joust and tourney, and again back to the court to make carols;\[0\] for there was the feast holden fifteen days with all the mirth that men could devise, song and glee, glorious to hear, in the daytime, and dancing at night.

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**Who acts:** lord, feast, mirth · **What happens:** hold, ride, make, be, devise, hear · **To what, where:** rich revels, joust, carols, daytime

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lord, feast, mirth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:1:49
# text = There they held rich revels with gay talk and jest; one while they would ride forth to joust and tourney, and again back to the court to make carols;[0] for there was the feast holden fifteen days with all the mirth that men could devise, song and glee, glorious to hear, in the daytime, and dancing at night.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	revels	revel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	gay	gay	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	jest	jest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obj	_	_
13	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	ride	ride	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
17	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	joust	joust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	xcomp	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	tourney	tourney	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	again	again	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
31	carols	carol	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	0	0	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	34	punct	_	_
36	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
37	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	38	expl	_	_
38	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	feast	feast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	_
41	holden	holden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
42	fifteen	fifteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	43	nummod	_	_
43	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	appos	_	_
44	with	with	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
45	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	47	det:predet	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	mirth	mirth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
48	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	51	nsubj	_	_
49	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	51	nsubj	_	_
50	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	51	aux	_	_
51	devise	devise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	47	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
53	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	conj	_	_
54	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	55	cc	_	_
55	glee	glee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	_
57	glorious	glorious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	conj	_	_
58	to	to	PART	TO	_	59	mark	_	_
59	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	57	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	63	punct	_	_
61	in	in	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	_
62	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	63	det	_	_
63	daytime	daytime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	66	punct	_	_
65	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	66	cc	_	_
66	dancing	dance	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
67	at	at	ADP	IN	_	68	case	_	_
68	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	66	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
69	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | lord | rich revels |  | there | again | with gay talk and jest; 0 *obl*; one *obj* | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent revel=Theme one=Eventuality |
| 2 | **ride** | would | lord | joust and tourney |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive | lord *not said here* | carols |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset carol=Product |
| 4 | **be** | past | the feast |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **devise** | could | all mirth |  |  |  |  | men *nsubj* | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **hear** | to-infinitive | the feast *not said here* | the daytime |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer daytime=Stimulus |
| 7 | **dance** | gerund | lord *not said here* |  |  |  | night |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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