---
title: After the season of summer, with the soft winds, when zephyr breathe… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: After the season of summer, with the soft winds, when zephyr breathes lightly on seeds and herbs, joyous indeed is the growth that waxes thereout when the dew drips from the leaves beneath the blissful glance of the bright sun. But then comes harvest and hardens the grain, warning it to wax ripe ere
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 3, sentence 19

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After the season of summer, with the soft winds, when zephyr breathes lightly on seeds and herbs, joyous indeed is the growth that waxes thereout when the dew drips from the leaves beneath the blissful glance of the bright sun. But then comes harvest and hardens the grain, warning it to wax ripe ere the winter.

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**Who acts:** zephyr, season, growth, dew, warning, bright sun. · **What happens:** breathe, be, wax, drip, come, harden · **To what, where:** seeds, growth, thereout, leaves, harvest, grain

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (zephyr, season, growth, dew), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:3:19
# text = After the season of summer, with the soft winds, when zephyr breathes lightly on seeds and herbs, joyous indeed is the growth that waxes thereout when the dew drips from the leaves beneath the blissful glance of the bright sun. But then comes harvest and hardens the grain, warning it to wax ripe ere the winter.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	season	season	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	winds	wind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	14	mark	_	_
13	zephyr	zephyr	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	breathes	breathe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
15	lightly	lightly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	herbs	herb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	joyous	joyous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	_
22	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
26	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
27	waxes	wax	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	acl:relcl	_	_
28	thereout	thereout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
29	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	32	mark	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	dew	dew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
32	drips	drip	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	advcl	_	_
33	from	from	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	_
36	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	blissful	blissful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	glance	glance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	_
44	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
45	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	46	advmod	_	_
46	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
47	harvest	harvest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obj	_	_
48	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
49	hardens	harden	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
53	warning	warn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	58	csubj	_	_
54	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	53	obj	_	_
55	to	to	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
56	wax	wax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	obl	_	_
57	ripe	ripe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	xcomp	_	_
58	ere	ere	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	49	parataxis	_	_
59	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	60	det	_	_
60	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	25	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | present | zephyr |  |  | seeds and herbs |  | indeed, lightly *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Agent on seed=Destination |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the season of summer and the soft winds | the growth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **wax** | present | the growth | thereout |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location thereout=Theme |
| 4 | **drip** | present | the dew |  |  | the leaves |  | beneath the blissful glance of the bright sun. | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from leaf=Source |
| 5 | **come** | present | the growth *not said here* | harvest |  |  | then |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location harvest=Theme |
| 6 | **harden** | present | the growth *not said here* | the grain |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent grain=Patient |
| 7 | **warn** *speech: warn* | gerund |  |  | grain |  |  | to wax; ripe *property* | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient |
| 8 | **ere** | past | warning |  |  |  | winter |  | tree rules |
| 9 | **glance** |  | the bright sun. |  |  |  |  |  | nom glance «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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