---
title: Then he looked on Sir Gawain, and said gaily, “Now, fair nephew, han… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then he looked on Sir Gawain, and said gaily, “Now, fair nephew, hang up thine axe, since it has hewn enough,” and they hung it on the dossal above the daïs, where all men might look on it for a marvel, and by its true token tell of the wonder. Who acts: marvel, king, men. A sentence of «Sir Gawain 
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 3, sentence 5

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Then he looked on Sir Gawain, and said gaily, “Now, fair nephew, hang up thine axe, since it has hewn enough,” and they hung it on the dossal above the daïs, where all men might look on it for a marvel, and by its true token tell of the wonder.

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**Who acts:** marvel, king, men · **What happens:** look, say, hang up, hewn, hang · **To what, where:** axe, dossal · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (marvel, king, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:3:5
# text = Then he looked on Sir Gawain, and said gaily, “Now, fair nephew, hang up thine axe, since it has hewn enough,” and they hung it on the dossal above the daïs, where all men might look on it for a marvel, and by its true token tell of the wonder.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Sir	Sir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	Gawain	Gawain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	gaily	gaily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	nephew	nephew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	hang	hang	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	16	parataxis	_	_
19	up	up	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	axe	axe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	hewn	hewn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	advcl	_	_
27	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	hung	hang	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
33	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	obj	_	_
34	on	on	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	dossal	dossal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
37	above	above	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	daïs	daï	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
41	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	45	advmod	_	_
42	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	43	det	_	_
43	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	nsubj	_	_
44	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	45	aux	_	_
45	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	39	parataxis	_	_
46	on	on	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	obl	_	_
48	for	for	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	marvel	marvel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	57	cc	_	_
53	by	by	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
54	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	57	nmod:poss	_	_
55	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	57	amod	_	_
56	token	token	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	57	amod	_	_
57	tell	tell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
58	of	of	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
59	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	60	det	_	_
60	wonder	wonder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | marvel |  |  |  | then | on Sir | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on sir=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | marvel *not said here* |  |  |  |  | fair nephew *ccomp*; gaily *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hang up** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | thine axe |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent axe=Patient |
| 4 | **hewn** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | axe |  |  |  | enough *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **hang** | past | king | axe |  | the dossal above the daïs |  | by axe's true token tell of the wonder | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme on dossal=Destination |
| 6 | **look** | might | all men |  |  | axe |  | for a marvel | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent on it=Location for marvel=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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